Are you thinking about going solar but feeling overwhelmed by the number of solar panel types out there? Well, You’re not alone!
As solar energy continues to grow in popularity, it’s more important than ever to understand the differences between the types of solar panels in India. Because your solar PV module choice can affect everything from how much energy you generate to how much you spend on your solar system.
In this guide, we will walk you through the various solar panel models and their efficiency and help you make the right choice for your commercial and industrial projects.
What is a solar panel, and how is it made?
To understand how solar panels work, it’s first important to know what goes into making them. At their core, solar panel models are composed of silicon, glass, metals, and protective layers. The key player in any solar panel is the photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into electricity.
Here’s a quick brief about the function of each component –
- Silicon: It’s the most common material used in different types of solar cells because it’s highly effective at converting sunlight into electricity.
- Glass: This forms the outer solar panel layers, allowing sunlight to pass through while also protecting the internal components.
- Metals: These are used in the panel frame and wiring, helping to transport the electricity generated by the PV cells.
- Protective Layers: These layers ensure the panel remains durable and weather-resistant over the years.
When sunlight hits the different types of photovoltaic cells, it causes electrons to move, generating electricity. That’s how power is generated!
8 Different Types of Solar Panels in India
Now, let’s go through the different types of solar panels available on the market today. Each of these solar panel types has its unique features, so let’s see what makes each one stand out.
A Quick Comparison Table to Understand Solar Panel Types and Efficiency
Solar Panel/Cell Type | Efficiency Rating | Lifespan | Pros | Cons |
Monocrystalline Solar Panels | 15-20% | Over 25 years | Top-tier efficiency, long lifespan, space-saving | Higher cost, fragile |
Polycrystalline Solar Panels | ~15% | 20-25 years | Cost-effective, good in moderate sunlight | Slightly less efficiency and requires more installation space |
Thin-Film Solar Panels | 7-13% | 10-20 years | Lightweight & flexible, and affordable | Lower efficiency, shorter lifespan |
Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A-Si) | 6-10% | 10-20 years | Flexible, low cost | Very low efficiency, requires large installation space |
Bifacial Solar Panels | Up to 30% | 25+ years | Higher energy yield, increased efficiency | Proper installation required, higher cost |
Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells (CdTe) | Moderate | 20-25 years | Affordable, great in hot climates | Toxic materials, lower efficiency |
Concentrated PV Cells (CVP) | Above 30% | Varies | Incredible efficiency, ideal for sunny areas | Expensive, space-dependent |
Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact Cells (PERC) | High | 25+ years | Better low-light performance, durable | Higher initial cost, complex manufacturing |
Here is a detailed version of each of these different solar panels –
1. Monocrystalline Solar Panels
Having a question like “What is monocrystalline solar panel?” is totally understandable, especially if you are coming across the different types of photovoltaic cells for the first time.
Monocrystalline solar panels are often considered the top choice for solar power. They’re made from a single silicon crystal, giving them their sleek, dark appearance with smooth, rounded edges.
They’re compact, making them a great option for rooftop solar systems with limited space, and with proper care, they can last for over 25 years.
Pros –
- Top-tier Efficiency: High efficiency of 15-20%.
- Long Lifespan: They can last for over 25 years if properly maintained.
- Space-Saving: Great for smaller spaces, providing high output in a tight area.
Cons –
- Higher Cost: They tend to be pricier due to the more complex manufacturing process.
- Fragile: You need to be careful when installing them to avoid damaging the panels.
2. Polycrystalline Solar Panels
Polycrystalline solar panels are made by melting silicon crystals and pouring them into molds, giving them a unique blue color with a less uniform appearance compared to monocrystalline panels.
They are typically larger in size and have a somewhat more textured look. While they aren’t as efficient as monocrystalline panels, they’re a more affordable option and still perform well in areas with moderate sunlight.
Pros –
- Cost-Effective: Cheaper than monocrystalline panels.
- Good in Moderate Sunlight: Perform well in consistent sun.
Cons –
- Lower Efficiency: Less powerful, requiring more panels for the same output.
- Larger Installation Area: More area required for installation.
3. Thin-Film Solar Panels
Thin-film solar panels are made by layering photovoltaic materials onto a flexible substrate, giving them a sleek, lightweight design. These panels are often black or dark in color and are known for their versatility, as they can be used on curved surfaces like rooftops or portable homes like modified vehicles and houseboats.
Though they have lower efficiency compared to other types, they are a great option for unconventional installations.
Pros –
- Lightweight & Flexible: It can be installed on curved or irregular surfaces.
- Affordable: Typically, cheaper to manufacture, lowering overall system costs.
Cons –
- Lower Efficiency: Efficiency ranges from 7-13%, requiring more space for the same output.
- Shorter Lifespan: Usually, last only 10-20 years.
4. Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A-Si) Panel
A-Si solar panels are the type of thin-film panel made from non-crystalline silicon. They are often used in portable or flexible solar applications, thanks to their lightweight and versatile design. These panels typically have a dark color and are perfect for installations on curved roofs or even windows, though their efficiency is lower compared to other solar panel types.
Pros –
- Flexible: It can be applied to curved or irregular surfaces, including windows.
- Low Cost: More affordable to produce, making them budget-friendly.
Cons –
- Very Low Efficiency: Only 6-10% efficient, requiring more space for adequate power.
- Requires Large Installation Space: Due to low efficiency, a larger area is needed for installation.
5. Bifacial Solar Panels
Made with a transparent backsheet, these panels allow light to be reflected off surfaces like snow, water, or even the ground to generate additional energy. They typically have a rectangular shape and look similar to traditional solar panels but with a more durable and reflective back.
The color of the panels is usually dark or metallic, with a sleek, modern appearance.
Pros –
- Higher Energy Yield: Generates more power from both sides.
- Increased Efficiency: Can produce up to 30% more energy than traditional panels.
Cons –
- Proper Installation is Key: Needs space and careful setup for maximum performance.
- Higher Cost: More expensive than regular panels.
6. Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells (CdTe) Panel
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) solar panels are also the type of thin-film panel made from cadmium telluride. These panels are typically dark in color, with a smooth, sleek appearance, and are often used in large-scale solar farms and utility projects.
They are especially effective in hot climates and perform well in partially shaded areas, making them a good option for areas with high temperatures.
Pros –
- Affordable: Cheaper to produce than silicon-based panels, reducing system costs.
- Great in Hot Climates: Perform well in high temperatures and partially shaded areas.
Cons –
- Toxic Materials: Cadmium, a toxic substance, is involved in production, raising environmental concerns.
- Lower Efficiency: Not as efficient as silicon-based panels, requiring more space for the same output.
Want to build the best solar commercial project for your business/industrial area? Get in touch with KP Group to talk about it further!
7. Concentrated PV Cells (CVP)
Concentrated PV (CVP) cells are made by using lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, high-efficiency solar cells. This design helps maximize power output.
These panels tend to be compact in shape but require additional components like mirrors and tracking systems. The panels are typically sleek with a high-tech, metallic finish and are most effective in sunny regions like deserts or open fields, where direct sunlight is abundant.
Pros –
- Incredible Efficiency: Achieves efficiency level above 30%, much higher than traditional panels.
- Ideal for Sunny Areas: Best in places with lots of direct sunlight such as deserts and sunny climates.
Cons –
- Expensive: Requires costly equipment (lenses, mirrors).
- Space-Dependent: Needs a large area and specific setup.
8. Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact Cells (PERC) Panel
PERC solar panels are an advanced type of silicon panel that incorporates a passivation layer on the rear of the cell to enhance energy efficiency, especially in low-light conditions.
These panels are typically rectangular, similar to standard silicon panels, but with a slightly more intricate design due to the added rear layer. They usually have a metallic or dark appearance and are known for their durability and higher efficiency in cloudy or shaded environments.
Pros –
- Better Low-Light Performance: Works well in areas with overcast or intermittent sunlight.
- Durability: More durable and long-lasting than older solar technologies.
Cons –
- Higher Initial Cost: More expensive due to advanced technology.
- Complex Manufacturing: The production process is more complicated, contributing to the higher price.
Conclusion – Partner with KP Group for Your Next Solar Project
Choosing the right solar panel model isn’t a one-size-fits-all decision. It depends on factors like your budget, roof space, location, and energy needs. Whether you choose a monocrystalline solar panel for its high efficiency, a polycrystalline for its budget-friendly price, or an emerging biohybrid panel for its eco-friendly features, there’s a solar panel type to suit every need.
Get in touch with team of solar experts to discuss more about your next solar project requirements, and we will take it further from there!
Frequently asked questions :
Ans: The main types of solar panels are monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. Each has its own unique features, efficiency levels, and costs.
Ans: Monocrystalline solar panels are the most efficient, typically converting more sunlight into electricity compared to other types due to their high-quality silicon.
Ans: Most solar panels, regardless of type, last between 25 to 30 years, though the efficiency may decrease slightly over time. Monocrystalline panels tend to have the longest lifespan.
